This function computes the constants to define the rho-functions (in the rho quasi-optimal family) and expectations in order to obtain high efficiency and the maximum possible breakdown point (0.5). The values are obtained by solving the equations that relate the rho-functions with these characteristics of robustnes

kappa_and_c(p, efficiency)

Arguments

p

dimension of the vector of the response variable

efficiency

efficiency required, values between 0 and 1, excluding extremes

Details

For more details about the way the constants are chosen, see Bergesio et al. (2020). For the definition of rho quasi optimal family of functions, see Muler and Yohai (2002) and Salibian-Barrera et al. (2016).

Value

The result is returned as a list containing

c1

tuning parameter such that \(\rho\)1 is strictly increasing in [0; c1] and constant for values greater than c1.

c2

tuning parameter such that \(\rho\)2 is strictly increasing in [0; c2] and constant for values greater than c2.

k1

constant value involved in the \(\rho\)1 expectaction.

k2

constant value involved in the \(\rho\)2 expectaction.

References

Bergesio, A., Szretter Noste, M. E. and Yohai, V. J. (2020). A robust proposal of estimation for the sufficient dimension reduction problem.

Muler, N. and Yohai, V. J. (2002). Robust estimates for arch processes. Journal of Time Series Analysis, 23(3):341-375.

Salibian-Barrera, M., Van Aelst, S. and Yohai, V. J. (2016). Robust tests for linear regression models based on \(\tau\)-estimates. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis 93:436-455.

Note

It is not an efficient procedure, so it can take some seconds.

Examples

kappa_and_c(p=1, efficiency=0.95)
#> $c1 #> [1] 1.212013 #> #> $k1 #> [1] 0.4999986 #> #> $c2 #> [1] 3.263646 #> #> $k2 #> [1] 0.127893 #>